Windows, Linux y más. Simplificado.

Zero-day: unknown vulnerability to vendor. Exploited before patch available. No defense except updates ASAP. Rare for normal users but critical for companies.

File encryption: Windows BitLocker, Mac FileVault, Linux LUKS. Password-protected but encrypted. CPU overhead minimal. Peace of mind if laptop stolen.

Home security: strong passwords, 2FA, antivirus, backups, updates, public WiFi caution. 80% of breaches from weak passwords. Single most important: password manager + 2FA.

Check email breach: Have I Been Pwned website, check email password, enable 2FA, change passwords. Act fast – hackers use credentials to access other accounts.

Password managers: Bitwarden cheapest (/yr), 1Password best UX, Dashlane includes VPN. All encrypt locally. Using manager 100x more secure than memorizing.

Home WiFi security: strong password (20+ chars), WPA3 encryption, hide SSID optional, change default router password, disable WPS. Takes 10 minutes, prevents 99% attacks.

VPN encrypts traffic, hides IP. Trustworthy VPNs: Mullvad, Proton, Wireguard. Speed: Wireguard fastest, OpenVPN slower. Always check VPN doesn’t leak IP.

Phishing red flags: generic greeting, urgent tone, suspicious sender, requests credentials, weird links. Hover link to see real URL. When in doubt, call company directly.

2FA methods: authenticator apps most secure, SMS vulnerable to SIM swap, security keys most inconvenient but secure. Use authenticator apps for banking, security key for email.

Unhackable passwords: 20+ characters, random, no personal info, unique per site. Password managers like Bitwarden store encrypted. Human memory unreliable – manager essential.